{"id":9043,"date":"2024-10-24T08:37:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T23:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/genetic_test\/"},"modified":"2025-04-28T16:10:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T07:10:13","slug":"genetic_test","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/genetic_test\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"What Genetic Testing Means at Hiro Clinic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1599375_s.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1599375_s.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1599375_s-300x199.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1599375_s-485x322.webp 485w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maternal Blood Collection<\/strong>: The mother\u2019s blood is drawn, and the cfDNA (cell-free DNA) contained within it is analyzed. This cfDNA originates from the placenta and contains the fetus\u2019s genetic information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chromosomal Abnormality Screening<\/strong>: Primarily, abnormalities in chromosome 21 (Down syndrome), chromosome 18 (Edwards syndrome), and chromosome 13 (Patau syndrome) are examined.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Safety<\/strong>: Since the procedure is non-invasive, it poses no risk to the mother or fetus (unlike amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, which carry a risk of miscarriage).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Early Testing<\/strong>: The test can be performed from the 10th week of pregnancy, allowing early assessment of the fetus\u2019s condition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accuracy<\/strong>: It boasts an accuracy rate close to 99% for detecting chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Screening, Not Diagnosis<\/strong>: NIPT is strictly a screening test; if a positive result is obtained, a diagnostic test such as amniocentesis is required for confirmation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limited Scope<\/strong>: Standard NIPT primarily detects chromosomal number abnormalities and cannot identify other genetic disorders such as single-gene diseases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost<\/strong>: It is relatively expensive and often not covered by insurance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bnr-yellow-cta\">\n<a href=\"\/nippt\/postnatal_paternity\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/oyakobnr_yellow.webp\" alt=\"\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306b\u8ab0\u306e\u5b50\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308bDNA\u89aa\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.bnr-yellow-cta{\nwidth:100%;\ntext-align:center;\nopacity:1;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a:hover{\nbackground:#fff;\nopacity:0.7;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a img{\nwidth:100%;\nheight:auto;\nmax-width:800px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>NIPPT (Non-Invasive Paternity Testing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/3388786_s.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/3388786_s.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/3388786_s-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/3388786_s-485x324.webp 485w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maternal Blood Collection<\/strong>: The mother\u2019s blood is drawn, and the fetal cfDNA (cell-free DNA) contained within it is isolated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collection of the Alleged Father\u2019s DNA<\/strong>: DNA is collected from the alleged father through saliva or blood samples, and compared with the fetal DNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Determination of Paternity<\/strong>: The degree of match between the alleged father\u2019s DNA and the fetal DNA is analyzed to determine paternity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Safety<\/strong>: Paternity can be determined during pregnancy without any risk to the mother or fetus, as the test is non-invasive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Early Paternity Determination<\/strong>: Testing can be performed from the 10th week of pregnancy, allowing paternity to be established without waiting for the birth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cost<\/strong>: Like NIPT, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/\">NIPPT<\/a> is relatively expensive, and it is rarely covered by insurance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Potential for Inconclusive Results<\/strong>: Although advanced DNA separation techniques are used, if the proportion of fetal cfDNA is low, the results may be inconclusive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bnr-white-cta\">\n<a href=\"\/nippt\/features\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/oyakobnr_white.webp\" alt=\"\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306b\u8ab0\u306e\u5b50\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308bDNA\u89aa\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.bnr-white-cta{\nwidth:100%;\ntext-align:center;\nopacity:1;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-white-cta a:hover{\nbackground:#fff;\nopacity:0.7;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-white-cta a img{\nwidth:100%;\nheight:auto;\nmax-width:800px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Parentage Test<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30812184_s.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30812184_s.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30812184_s-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30812184_s-485x324.webp 485w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNA Collection<\/strong>: DNA samples are collected from the parent and child, typically using saliva, buccal (inner cheek) swabs, or blood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DNA Analysis<\/strong>: Specific DNA markers (STRs: Short Tandem Repeats) are analyzed to confirm the biological relationship. The DNA patterns of the parent and child are compared for matches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High Accuracy<\/strong>: Parentage can be confirmed with an accuracy of over 99%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Simple and Quick<\/strong>: DNA collection is usually done via saliva or buccal swabs rather than blood draws, making the process painless and easy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cost<\/strong>: If legal documentation is required, the cost may be higher.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethical Considerations<\/strong>: Because parentage testing can have emotional and ethical implications, careful consideration is necessary before proceeding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bnr-yellow-cta\">\n<a href=\"\/nippt\/postnatal_paternity\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/oyakobnr_yellow.webp\" alt=\"\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306b\u8ab0\u306e\u5b50\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308bDNA\u89aa\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.bnr-yellow-cta{\nwidth:100%;\ntext-align:center;\nopacity:1;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a:hover{\nbackground:#fff;\nopacity:0.7;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a img{\nwidth:100%;\nheight:auto;\nmax-width:800px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Sibling Test<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30787122_s.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30787122_s.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30787122_s-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/30787122_s-485x324.webp 485w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNA Collection<\/strong>: DNA is collected from siblings using saliva, blood, or buccal (inner cheek) swabs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DNA Comparison<\/strong>: Similar to parentage testing, DNA markers between siblings are compared to determine whether they share one or both biological parents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relationship Confirmation Without Parental DNA<\/strong>: Even if a parent&#8217;s DNA sample is unavailable, genetic similarity between siblings can still be analyzed to determine their relationship.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Invasive and Simple<\/strong>: The test is painless, typically using buccal swabs or saliva samples.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limitations in Accuracy<\/strong>: Compared to parentage testing, sibling testing may have slightly lower accuracy, especially in cases involving half-siblings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Potential for Inconclusive Results<\/strong>: When siblings share only one biological parent (such as in half-sibling relationships), the DNA match may be incomplete, leading to less definitive results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bnr-white-cta\">\n<a href=\"\/nippt\/features\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/oyakobnr_white.webp\" alt=\"\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306b\u8ab0\u306e\u5b50\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308bDNA\u89aa\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.bnr-white-cta{\nwidth:100%;\ntext-align:center;\nopacity:1;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-white-cta a:hover{\nbackground:#fff;\nopacity:0.7;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-white-cta a img{\nwidth:100%;\nheight:auto;\nmax-width:800px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary of Genetic Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2388008_s.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2388008_s.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2388008_s-300x199.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2388008_s-485x322.webp 485w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High Accuracy<\/strong>: Genetic testing can confirm parentage, sibling relationships, and fetal chromosomal abnormalities with very high precision.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Invasive Methods<\/strong>: Tests such as NIPT and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/\">NIPPT<\/a> are much safer and less risky compared to invasive procedures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Early Diagnosis<\/strong>: It is possible to assess the fetus&#8217;s condition and determine paternity even during pregnancy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal Documentation<\/strong>: Parentage and sibling tests can be used as legal evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High Cost<\/strong>: Many genetic tests are expensive and often not covered by insurance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emotional Burden<\/strong>: Testing for parentage or sibling relationships can cause emotional and ethical issues within families.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limitations of Testing<\/strong>: NIPT is limited to screening for chromosomal abnormalities and may not detect other types of genetic disorders.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bnr-yellow-cta\">\n<a href=\"\/nippt\/postnatal_paternity\/\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/oyakobnr_yellow.webp\" alt=\"\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306b\u8ab0\u306e\u5b50\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308bDNA\u89aa\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\">\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.bnr-yellow-cta{\nwidth:100%;\ntext-align:center;\nopacity:1;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a:hover{\nbackground:#fff;\nopacity:0.7;\ntransition-duration: 1s;\n}\n.bnr-yellow-cta a img{\nwidth:100%;\nheight:auto;\nmax-width:800px;\n}\n<\/style>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing) Method Advantages Disadvantages 2. NIPPT (Non&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-full.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9043","page","type-page","status-publish","article"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9043"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9046,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9043\/revisions\/9046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}