Calculation of paternal exclusion rates for one locus.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The paternal exclusion rate (PE) at one locus is calculated using the following formula<\/p>\n\n\n\n f = allele frequency (probability of a particular allele being found in a population) The formula applies to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Multiple loci are usually used in DNA testing. The PE calculated at each locus can be combined to obtain an overall exclusion rate<\/strong>. The overall PE at several loci is calculated as follows<\/p>\n\n\n\n PE_i = exclusion rate at each locus Locus 1: PE = 0.36 0.64 x 0.75 x 0.60 = 0.288<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Next, calculate the overall PE:0.64 x 0.75 x 0.60 = 0.288 The use of multiple loci improves the accuracy of paternity exclusion.In general, the more loci used, the higher the exclusion rate. to calculate the overall exclusion rate. Hiro Clinic’s DNA Prenatal Paternity Testing (NIPPT<\/a>)<\/a> is available at the industry’s lowest price at Hiro Clinic’s directly managed locations nationwide. Testing can be done from the 6th week of pregnancy onward, and the process is completed in a single visit, minimizing inconvenience. If a retest is necessary, it will be conducted free of charge, so you can rest assured. Additionally, tests are conducted at the Tokyo Sanitary Laboratory, which has over 50,000 cases of prenatal testing experience, ensuring reliable results. However, both partners are required to visit the clinic to ensure the most accurate test results. For more information, please check here<\/a> and make your reservation or inquiry.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The ‘overall paternity exclusion rate’ is a measure of the probability of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[39],"class_list":{"0":"post-2520","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-nippt-en","8":"tag-expert-en","9":"article"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2520"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5719,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2520\/revisions\/5719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8-2024-09-05-18.04.55.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
e.g.
Suppose the allele frequency f is 0.2.f = allele frequency (probability of a particular allele being found in a population)
e.g.
Suppose the allele frequency f is 0.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8-2024-09-05-18.05.01.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
In this case, the paternal exclusion rate at one locus is 36%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCalculation of overall exclusion rates for multiple loci combined.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8-2024-09-05-18.05.08.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Overall PE = exclusion rate calculated using all loci
e.g.
There are three loci, each with a PE calculated, as follows:
PE_i = exclusion rate at each locus
Overall PE = exclusion rate calculated using all loci
e.g.
There are three loci, each with a PE calculated, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Locus 2: PE = 0.25
Locus 3: PE = 0.40
To calculate this as an overall PE, first calculate (1 – PE) for<\/strong> each locus
1-0.36=0.64,1-0.25=0.75,1-0.40=0.60
Multiply these together:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Next, calculate the overall PE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8-2024-09-05-18.05.29.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Overall PE = 1-0.288=0.712
This means that the overall paternal exclusion rate using the three loci is 71.2%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKey points on paternal exclusion rates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Paternal exclusion rates often reach 99.99% or more, which gives a very high probability of indicating that he is not the father.
Summary<\/strong>
Calculate the paternal exclusion rate using PE = 1 – (1 – f)^2<\/strong> based on the allele frequency (f) of each locus.
When combining the PEs of several loci, use<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"\/nippt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8-2024-09-05-18.04.55-1.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Calculating at multiple loci increases the accuracy of excluding paternity.
This method allows DNA testing to determine paternity with a high degree of accuracy.to calculate the overall exclusion rate.
Calculating at multiple loci increases the accuracy of excluding paternity.
This method allows DNA testing to determine paternity with a high degree of accuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nHiro Clinic’s DNA Prenatal Paternity Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n