{"id":2776,"date":"2024-08-22T23:24:06","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T14:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/snp%e3%81%a8str%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%84%e3%81%bf%e5%90%88%e3%82%8f%e3%81%9b%e3%81%8csnp%e5%8d%98%e4%bd%93%e3%82%88%e3%82%8a%e3%82%82%e5%87%ba%e7%94%9f%e5%89%8d%e8%a6%aa%e5%ad%90%e9%91%91%e5%ae%9a%e3%81%ab\/"},"modified":"2024-10-07T17:15:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:15:29","slug":"snp%e3%81%a8str%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%84%e3%81%bf%e5%90%88%e3%82%8f%e3%81%9b%e3%81%8csnp%e5%8d%98%e4%bd%93%e3%82%88%e3%82%8a%e3%82%82%e5%87%ba%e7%94%9f%e5%89%8d%e8%a6%aa%e5%ad%90%e9%91%91%e5%ae%9a%e3%81%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/snp%e3%81%a8str%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%84%e3%81%bf%e5%90%88%e3%82%8f%e3%81%9b%e3%81%8csnp%e5%8d%98%e4%bd%93%e3%82%88%e3%82%8a%e3%82%82%e5%87%ba%e7%94%9f%e5%89%8d%e8%a6%aa%e5%ad%90%e9%91%91%e5%ae%9a%e3%81%ab\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Is the combination of SNPs and STRs superior to SNPs alone for prenatal paternity testing?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As to whether the combination of SNPs and STRs is superior to SNPs alone for prenatal paternity testing, the following points need to be considered<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SNP and STR characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">SNP<\/a>\uff08Single Nucleotide Polymorphism\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Features<\/strong>: SNPs are variations of a single base in a DNA sequence and are present in the human genome in the millions; analysis of SNPs is usually carried out in an automated, high-throughput manner, allowing large-scale analysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advantages<\/strong>: because they are present at very high frequencies, they can be analyzed with high accuracy using a number of genetic markers in paternity testing. In addition, SNPs have a low mutation rate, which makes it easy to obtain stable results.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limitations<\/strong>: due to the low information content of each <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">SNP<\/a>, a very large number of SNPs need to be analyzed and may not provide sufficient information in certain situations (e.g. appraisals between very close relatives) when used on its own.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a>\uff08Short Tandem Repeat\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FEATURES<\/strong>: STRs are short repeat sequences in DNA, with the number of repeats varying from individual to individual. This diversity makes STRs a powerful tool in analysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advantages<\/strong>: STRs are highly polymorphic and powerful for individual identification. In paternity testing, even a small number of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> markers can provide highly accurate results, especially for distinguishing between genetically close individuals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limitations<\/strong>: due to the relatively high mutation rate of STRs, they sometimes do not match between parents and children, and the risk of misclassification may be slightly higher than for SNPs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combination of SNPs and STRs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Complementary benefits<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Combining SNPs and STRs<\/strong>: the stability of SNPs combined with the high discriminatory power of STRs can compensate for the weaknesses of each technique. For example, SNPs provide a great deal of information, while STRs can determine more specific parent-child relationships due to their high polymorphism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. High accuracy determination<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The use of both SNPs and STRs increases the accuracy of parent-child identification in particular.This provides more reliable results and further reduces the risk of misclassification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Advantages in special cases<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span class=\"pre--maker span-stk-maker-yellow\">SNPs alone can be difficult to discriminate in the identification of genetically very close relations (e.g. siblings or cousins), but combining STRs can solve this problem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>Weeks available for inspection<\/td><td>Accuracy between close relatives.<\/td><td>Inspection possible location<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> alone<\/td><td>From 8 weeks&#8217; gestation.<\/td><td>\u25cb<\/td><td>Hiro Clinic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">SNP<\/a> stand-alone<\/td><td>From 7 weeks&#8217; gestation.<\/td><td>\u25b3<\/td><td>other facilities<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">SNP<\/a> + <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> combination<\/td><td>From 6 weeks&#8217; gestation.<\/td><td>\u25ce<\/td><td>Hiro Clinic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>combination of SNPs and STRs<\/strong> is considered <strong>superior to SNPs alone in prenatal paternity testing<\/strong>. The combination of the two provides increased accuracy and reliability, especially in the elucidation of complex genetic relationships. This enables accurate determination of parent-child relationships and is the optimal approach in prenatal paternity testing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As to whether the combination of SNPs and STRs is superior to SNPs alone for prenatal&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[69,39,71,76,72],"class_list":{"0":"post-2776","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-str-en","8":"tag-dna_test-en","9":"tag-expert-en","10":"tag-parent_child-en","11":"tag-genetic_testing-en","12":"tag-analysis-en","13":"article"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2776"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5510,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2776\/revisions\/5510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}