{"id":4554,"date":"2024-09-14T22:20:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T13:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/microsatellite-is-the-same-as-str\/"},"modified":"2024-09-27T16:08:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T07:08:28","slug":"microsatellite-is-the-same-as-str","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/microsatellite-is-the-same-as-str\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Microsatellite and STR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Paternity testing using <strong>microsatellite markers<\/strong> is one of the most reliable and widely used methods of DNA analysis. Microsatellites are areas of concentrated short base sequences (usually two to six bases) that are repeated in a DNA sequence. The number of these repeats varies from individual to individual, making them <strong>suitable for personal identification andproof of parent-child relationships<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-html\"><div class=\"short-code\">\n<p><span>Reliable domestic inspections<\/span><br \/>Available at a clinic near you nationwide<\/p>\n<div class=\"short-button\">\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/mypage-nippt.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/register\">Make a reservation now!<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.short-code{\n text-align: center;\n background-color: var(--stk-editor-color3);\n padding: 20px 0;\n border-top: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n border-bottom: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n}\n.short-code p{\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n font-weight: 600;\n}\n.short-code p span{\n position: relative;\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%, var(--stk-maker-yellow, \"#ffd5d5\") 30%);\n}\n.short-code p span::before, .short-code p span::after{\n content: \"\";\n display: inline-block;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #333;\n width: 1px;\n height: 16px;\n}\n.short-code p span::before{\n transform: rotate(-18deg);\n left: -10px;\n}\n.short-code p span::after{\n right: -10px;\n transform: rotate(18deg);\n}\n.short-button a {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-around;\n align-items: center;\n margin: auto;\n max-width: 250px;\n padding: 10px 25px;\n color: #333;\n font-family: \"Noto Sans Japanese\";\n text-decoration: none;\n color: #fff;\n line-height: 1.8;\n transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;\n font-weight: 700;\n background: #ff8300;\n border-radius: 9999px;\n border-bottom: solid 5px #af4f00;\n}\n.short-button a:hover {\n border-bottom: solid 2px #af4f00;\n transform: translateY(3px);\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are microsatellite markers?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Microsatellites<\/strong>, also called <strong>Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)<\/strong>, are short repeat sequences located at specific positions on the genome.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These repeat sequences are very useful in creating individual DNA profiles because of the different patterns among individuals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For example, if one person has 10 repetitions of &#8220;AT&#8221; and another has 12, this difference is used to determine personal identification and parent-child relationships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use of Microsatellite Markers in Paternity Tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In paternity testing, since a child inherits half of his or her DNA from both parents, the child&#8217;s microsatellite markers (STRs) are checked to see if they match those inherited from the mother and father, respectively.The process is as follows<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Collection of DNA samples<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A DNA sample is taken from the person to be authenticated (usually the child, mother, or father).The most commonly used method is to collect cells from the oral cavity with a swab.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Amplification of STR region (using PCR method)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the paternity test using microsatellite markers, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> region is amplified <strong>using the PCR method<\/strong>; the amplification of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> region makes it possible to analyze the number of repetitions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Comparison of DNA profiles<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The number of amplified <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> repeats is analyzed to see if the markers match between the parent and child.Since children inherit half their DNA from both parents, half of the child&#8217;s markers should match the father and the other half should match the mother.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Determination of parent-child relationship<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If the results of the test show a very high probability that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> markers of the child and the father match, the parent-child relationship is proven.The accuracy of the paternity test is usually greater than 99.9%, providing a very reliable result.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-html\"><div class=\"short-code\">\n<p><span>Reliable domestic inspections<\/span><br \/>Available at a clinic near you nationwide<\/p>\n<div class=\"short-button\">\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/mypage-nippt.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/register\">Make a reservation now!<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.short-code{\n text-align: center;\n background-color: var(--stk-editor-color3);\n padding: 20px 0;\n border-top: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n border-bottom: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n}\n.short-code p{\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n font-weight: 600;\n}\n.short-code p span{\n position: relative;\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%, var(--stk-maker-yellow, \"#ffd5d5\") 30%);\n}\n.short-code p span::before, .short-code p span::after{\n content: \"\";\n display: inline-block;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #333;\n width: 1px;\n height: 16px;\n}\n.short-code p span::before{\n transform: rotate(-18deg);\n left: -10px;\n}\n.short-code p span::after{\n right: -10px;\n transform: rotate(18deg);\n}\n.short-button a {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-around;\n align-items: center;\n margin: auto;\n max-width: 250px;\n padding: 10px 25px;\n color: #333;\n font-family: \"Noto Sans Japanese\";\n text-decoration: none;\n color: #fff;\n line-height: 1.8;\n transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;\n font-weight: 700;\n background: #ff8300;\n border-radius: 9999px;\n border-bottom: solid 5px #af4f00;\n}\n.short-button a:hover {\n border-bottom: solid 2px #af4f00;\n transform: translateY(3px);\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages of Parent-Child Relationships Using STR Markers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High accuracy<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/accuracy\/\">STR<\/a> markers are very diverse and individual markers are highly discriminating, making them very reliable in proving parent-child relationships.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Possible with small amounts of DNA<\/strong>: Microsatellite markers are amplified by PCR, so even small amounts of DNA samples can be analyzed. Parent-child identification is possible even from old materials or small amounts of samples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rapid Results<\/strong>: Results are available within days to weeks of DNA sample collection, allowing for relatively short turnaround times.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use as legal evidence<\/strong>: Paternity tests using microsatellite markers are often used as legal evidence and are used to prove parent-child relationships in courts of law.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Point of attention<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sample Quality<\/strong>: Deteriorated DNA samples may result in inaccurate analysis. It is important that samples are clean and well preserved.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal Appraisal<\/strong>: For a paternity test to be legally valid in Japan, it must be conducted at a facility accredited as a legal appraisal.If the test is outsourced overseas, it may not be accepted as legal evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-html\"><div class=\"short-code\">\n<p><span>Reliable domestic inspections<\/span><br \/>Available at a clinic near you nationwide<\/p>\n<div class=\"short-button\">\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/mypage-nippt.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/register\">Make a reservation now!<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.short-code{\n text-align: center;\n background-color: var(--stk-editor-color3);\n padding: 20px 0;\n border-top: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n border-bottom: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n}\n.short-code p{\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n font-weight: 600;\n}\n.short-code p span{\n position: relative;\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%, var(--stk-maker-yellow, \"#ffd5d5\") 30%);\n}\n.short-code p span::before, .short-code p span::after{\n content: \"\";\n display: inline-block;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #333;\n width: 1px;\n height: 16px;\n}\n.short-code p span::before{\n transform: rotate(-18deg);\n left: -10px;\n}\n.short-code p span::after{\n right: -10px;\n transform: rotate(18deg);\n}\n.short-button a {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-around;\n align-items: center;\n margin: auto;\n max-width: 250px;\n padding: 10px 25px;\n color: #333;\n font-family: \"Noto Sans Japanese\";\n text-decoration: none;\n color: #fff;\n line-height: 1.8;\n transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;\n font-weight: 700;\n background: #ff8300;\n border-radius: 9999px;\n border-bottom: solid 5px #af4f00;\n}\n.short-button a:hover {\n border-bottom: solid 2px #af4f00;\n transform: translateY(3px);\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Paternity testing using <strong>microsatellite markers (STRs)<\/strong> is a highly reliable method that can prove paternity with extremely high accuracy. It is widely used not only to prove parent-child relationships, but also for criminal investigations and personal identification, and has been established as a standard method for DNA analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-html\"><div class=\"short-code\">\n<p><span>Reliable domestic inspections<\/span><br \/>Available at a clinic near you nationwide<\/p>\n<div class=\"short-button\">\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/mypage-nippt.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/register\">Make a reservation now!<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n.short-code{\n text-align: center;\n background-color: var(--stk-editor-color3);\n padding: 20px 0;\n border-top: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n border-bottom: dashed 2px #ffbb00;\n}\n.short-code p{\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n font-weight: 600;\n}\n.short-code p span{\n position: relative;\n background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 70%, var(--stk-maker-yellow, \"#ffd5d5\") 30%);\n}\n.short-code p span::before, .short-code p span::after{\n content: \"\";\n display: inline-block;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #333;\n width: 1px;\n height: 16px;\n}\n.short-code p span::before{\n transform: rotate(-18deg);\n left: -10px;\n}\n.short-code p span::after{\n right: -10px;\n transform: rotate(18deg);\n}\n.short-button a {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-around;\n align-items: center;\n margin: auto;\n max-width: 250px;\n padding: 10px 25px;\n color: #333;\n font-family: \"Noto Sans Japanese\";\n text-decoration: none;\n color: #fff;\n line-height: 1.8;\n transition: 0.3s ease-in-out;\n font-weight: 700;\n background: #ff8300;\n border-radius: 9999px;\n border-bottom: solid 5px #af4f00;\n}\n.short-button a:hover {\n border-bottom: solid 2px #af4f00;\n transform: translateY(3px);\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paternity testing using microsatellite markers is one of the most reliable and widely&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[69,39,80,72],"class_list":{"0":"post-4554","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-str-en","8":"tag-dna_test-en","9":"tag-expert-en","10":"tag-forensic_science-en","11":"tag-analysis-en","12":"article"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4554"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4561,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4554\/revisions\/4561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nippt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}