{"id":111396,"date":"2024-06-30T09:26:19","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T00:26:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/"},"modified":"2025-10-16T14:36:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T05:36:20","slug":"about-snp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"What is SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"border:solid #ffe6e6 0.8rem;background-color: #fff9f9;padding:3% 5%;margin:1rem 0 3rem;\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:1rem;\">\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2><p>SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are one of the most common types of genetic variation in the genome. An SNP refers to a phenomenon in which a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence of an individual differs from the corresponding sequence in other individuals of the same species. For example, if an adenine (A) at a particular position is replaced by a thymine (T), that position is considered an SNP.<\/p>\n\n<p>Example: If the normal sequence is AAGCCTA, but in another individual it is AACCTTA, this is considered an SNP.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u6b21<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#Characteristics\" >Characteristics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#Functional_significance_of_SNPs\" >Functional significance of SNPs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#Methods_for_detecting_SNPs\" >Methods for detecting SNPs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#Biological_significance_and_applications\" >Biological significance and applications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#Summary\" >Summary<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\/#%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E6%A7%98%E6%80%A7%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%95%E4%BE%A1\" >\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Single-base variation<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> An SNP is a variation involving a single nucleotide in the genome, and it is widely distributed across the entire genome.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Polymorphism<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> When multiple alleles exist at a specific position in the genome, it is referred to as a polymorphism. By definition, a polymorphism is a variation present in <strong>at least 1% of a population<\/strong>.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stability<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Compared to other types of genetic variations, SNPs are relatively stable and often remain unchanged across generations.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distribution and number<br><\/strong> The human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs, and SNPs are very common. Research suggests that there are over <strong>10 million SNPs<\/strong> in the human genome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/snp\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">SNP(\u4e00\u5869\u57fa\u591a\u578b)\u3068\u306f\u301cSNP\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u30fb\u5fdc\u7528\u3068\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u301c <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">SNP(\u30b9\u30cb\u30c3\u30d7)\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u5869\u57fa\u591a\u578b(\u3044\u3061\u3048\u3093\u304d\u305f\u3051\u3044)\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u751f\u547d\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u56f3\u3068\u3082\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0DNA\u306e\u5869\u57fa\u914d\u5217\u306e\u4e2d\u30671\u3064\u3060\u3051\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5869\u57fa\u306b\u7f6e\u304d...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functional_significance_of_SNPs\"><\/span><strong>Functional significance of SNPs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0SNPs can influence gene function or gene expression, playing key roles in various fields:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Disease-related research<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Certain SNPs are associated with disease risks or drug responses, providing valuable insights for disease prevention and treatment.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Individual identification and forensic science<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Because SNPs vary among individuals, they are used in forensic science for personal identification. In particular, SNPs in mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome are used for lineage and ancestry analysis.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Evolutionary studies and population genetics<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> SNPs are useful for uncovering genetic differences and evolutionary relationships between populations, offering clues about human origins and migration patterns.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Personalized medicine<br><\/strong> SNP analysis enables personalized medical approaches based on an individual&#8217;s genetic background, including predicting drug efficacy and side effects to select optimal treatment strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/about-forensic-medicine\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u6cd5\u533b\u5b66\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Methods_for_detecting_SNPs\"><\/span><strong>Methods for detecting SNPs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Several techniques are used to detect SNPs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNA sequencing<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Whole-genome sequencing or targeted sequencing identifies SNPs. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables rapid, cost-effective acquisition of large SNP datasets.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SNP arrays<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Microarray technology is used to detect large numbers of specific SNPs simultaneously. This method is widely applied in large-scale population genetics and disease-association studies.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PCR and RFLP<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is used for SNP detection in targeted studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biological_significance_and_applications\"><\/span><strong>Biological significance and applications<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Assessment of genetic diversity<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> SNPs are important for evaluating genetic diversity among individuals and populations, helping to reveal genetic structures and evolutionary histories.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Research on hereditary diseases<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> SNP analysis helps identify genetic variations that cause hereditary diseases, enabling the development of prevention and treatment methods.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Drug development and pharmacogenomics<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> SNP data can predict individual drug responses, supporting precision medicine and tailored drug therapies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"\/nipt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/23429581_s-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30eb\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u4e8c\u4eba\" class=\"wp-image-86754\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span><strong>Summary<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E6%A7%98%E6%80%A7%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%95%E4%BE%A1\"><\/span>\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are single-base variations found throughout the genome. They play significant roles in fields such as individual identification, disease research, evolutionary biology, and personalized medicine. With more than <strong>10 million SNPs<\/strong> in the human genome, their analysis enhances our understanding of genetic diversity and drives advances in medical research. As studies progress, SNPs are expected to become increasingly important in genetics and healthcare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u307e\u3068\u3081SNPs (Single&#8230;\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/about-snp\/?lang=en\">\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a>","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":79679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111396"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118386,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111396\/revisions\/118386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}