{"id":111420,"date":"2025-07-15T17:49:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T08:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/"},"modified":"2025-08-21T17:34:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:34:06","slug":"intellectual_disability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"What Is Intellectual Disability?\uff5cCauses and Types of Intellectual Disability"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u6b21<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#1_What_Is_Intellectual_Disability\" >1. What Is Intellectual Disability?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#2_Causes_of_Intellectual_Disability\" >2. Causes of Intellectual Disability<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#%E2%91%A0_Genetic_and_Chromosomal_Factors\" >\u2460 Genetic and Chromosomal Factors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#%E2%91%A1_Perinatal_Environmental_Factors\" >\u2461 Perinatal Environmental Factors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#%E2%91%A2_Postnatal_Acquired_Factors\" >\u2462 Postnatal Acquired Factors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#3_Relationship_Between_Down_Syndrome_and_Intellectual_Disability\" >3. Relationship Between Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#4_Differences_from_and_Overlaps_with_Neurodevelopmental_Disorders\" >4. Differences from and Overlaps with Neurodevelopmental Disorders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#5_Severity_Classification_of_Intellectual_Disability\" >5. Severity Classification of Intellectual Disability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#6_NIPT_and_Intellectual_Disability\" >6. NIPT and Intellectual Disability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\/#Summary\" >Summary<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_Is_Intellectual_Disability\"><\/span><strong>1. What Is Intellectual Disability?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intellectual Disability (ID)<\/strong> refers to a condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, manifesting before the age of 18, which necessitates support in daily and social life. Diagnosis is based on international standards such as <strong>DSM\u20115<\/strong> and <strong>ICD\u201111<\/strong>, typically requiring an IQ of 70 or below and onset before age 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ID is more than just a low IQ; it is a multifaceted condition involving impairment in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Conceptual skills<\/strong> (e.g., reading, writing, arithmetic),<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social skills<\/strong> (e.g., communication, interpersonal relationships),<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Practical skills<\/strong> (e.g., self-management, financial skills).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"\/nipt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/32626891_s.jpg\" alt=\"\u77e5\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u3000\u767a\u9054\u969c\u5bb3\u3000\u691c\u67fb\u3000\u539f\u56e0\" class=\"wp-image-105383\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Causes_of_Intellectual_Disability\"><\/span><strong>2. Causes of Intellectual Disability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The causes of ID are diverse, generally classified into three categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A0_Genetic_and_Chromosomal_Factors\"><\/span><strong>\u2460 Genetic and Chromosomal Factors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)<\/strong>: Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Features include developmental delay, intellectual impairment, characteristic facial features, and congenital heart defects. Occurs in approximately 1 in 700 births.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/about-down-syndrome\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u75c7\uff0821\u30c8\u30ea\u30bd\u30df\u30fc\uff09\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u3084\u7279\u5fb4\u30fb\u691c\u67fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u89e3\u8aac <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u75c7\uff0821\u30c8\u30ea\u30bd\u30df\u30fc\uff09\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u3084\u7279\u5fb4\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u9f62\u51fa\u7523\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u3001\u652f\u63f4\u5236\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u3092\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u598a\u5a20\u4e2d\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u306b\u5bc4\u308a\u6dfb\u3046\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fragile X Syndrome<\/strong>: A genetic intellectual disability resulting from CGG repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Characteristics include moderate to severe intellectual disability, ASD-like features, facial traits (long face, prominent ears), and an X-linked dominant inheritance pattern, more severe in males.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Williams Syndrome<\/strong>: Arises from a deletion at 7q11.23. Features include cardiovascular abnormalities (e.g., aortic stenosis), mild intellectual disability, musical talent, a highly social personality, and distinct \u201celf-like\u201d facial appearance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/williams-syndrome-guide\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30ba\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u30fb\u7279\u5fb4\u30fb\u691c\u67fb\u30fb\u652f\u63f4\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u89e3\u8aac <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30ba\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u30fb\u7279\u5fb4\u30fb\u8a3a\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7570\u5e38\u3084\u767a\u9054\u652f\u63f4\u3001NIPT\u306b\u3088\u308b\u691c\u67fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Other genetic disorders include Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome), 5p deletion (Cri du Chat syndrome), 22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge Syndrome), Angelman syndrome, Prader\u2013Willi syndrome, mitochondrial diseases, and single-gene disorders (e.g., Tay\u2013Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis). Many of these can be detected in utero via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/\">NIPT<\/a> from around 10 weeks of pregnancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A1_Perinatal_Environmental_Factors\"><\/span><strong>\u2461 Perinatal Environmental Factors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Viral infections during pregnancy (e.g., rubella, cytomegalovirus)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exposure to radiation or alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome)<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Hypoxia or intracranial hemorrhage during birth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A2_Postnatal_Acquired_Factors\"><\/span><strong>\u2462 Postnatal Acquired Factors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Head trauma<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Central nervous system infections (e.g., encephalitis, meningitis)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Severe abuse or neglect<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Source: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Relationship_Between_Down_Syndrome_and_Intellectual_Disability\"><\/span><strong>3. Relationship Between Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Down Syndrome, having three copies of chromosome 21 affects brain development, metabolism, immunity, and endocrine function\u2014particularly impacting brain structure and function, leading to mild to moderate intellectual disability at birth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typical characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IQ generally ranges between 35\u201370 with wide variability.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Language development is often delayed; comprehension may be easier than expression.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficulties often present in memory, attention, and abstract thinking.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengths may include visual learning and memory for routines.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frequently co-occurs with congenital heart defects and gastrointestinal anomalies.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neuroimaging shows delayed development of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk is significantly higher in adulthood; about half may develop it after age 40, due to the APP gene being on chromosome 21.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, with early intervention, language training, and special education, individuals can develop functional living skills. Many can achieve employment and community integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/down-syndrome-education\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u75c7(21\u30c8\u30ea\u30bd\u30df\u30fc)\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u7642\u80b2\u3068\u751f\u6d3b\u3010\u533b\u5e2b\u76e3\u4fee\u3011 <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u75c7\u306e\u7642\u80b2\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u304a\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u304c\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u55b6\u3081\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u304a\u5b50\u3055\u3093\u306e\u969c\u304c\u3044\u3084\u767a\u9054\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Differences_from_and_Overlaps_with_Neurodevelopmental_Disorders\"><\/span><strong>4. Differences from and Overlaps with Neurodevelopmental Disorders<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neurodevelopmental Disorders<\/strong> include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)<\/strong>: Characterized by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors; often begins in early childhood and may coexist with intellectual disability or language delay.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/adhd-genetics-symptoms-support\/\">ADHD<\/a>)<\/strong>: Exhibits inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity beyond age-appropriate levels. Usually diagnosed during school age and can impair academics and relationships.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Learning Disabilities (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/learning-disabilities-genetics-support\/\">LD<\/a>)<\/strong>: Difficulty with reading, writing, or arithmetic despite average intellectual ability. Includes dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. These are processing disorders unrelated to sensory deficits or educational deprivation.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While ID and developmental disorders are distinct, they often co-occur\u2014about 30\u201340% of individuals with ASD also have intellectual disability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/asd-mtor-pathway-overview\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u81ea\u9589\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\u75c7\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\uff1amTOR\u7d4c\u8def\u3068\u767a\u9054\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">\u81ea\u9589\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u30e9\u30e0\u75c7\uff08ASD\uff09\u3068PTEN\u30fbTSC\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001mTOR\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3084\u3055\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u75c7\u72b6\u30fb\u691c\u67fb\u30fb\u6cbb\u7642\u3068\u4e88\u5f8c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff5c\u30d2...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Severity_Classification_of_Intellectual_Disability\"><\/span><strong>5. Severity Classification of Intellectual Disability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to WHO and Japan\u2019s Ministry of Health:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Severity<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IQ Range<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Level of Required Support<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mild<\/td><td>50\u201369<\/td><td>Minimal support; capable of employment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Moderate<\/td><td>35\u201349<\/td><td>Needs ongoing support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Severe<\/td><td>20\u201334<\/td><td>Requires extensive daily support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Profound<\/td><td>\u226420<\/td><td>May require medical-level care<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/subsidy-congenital-disease\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">\u5148\u5929\u6027\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u5bb6\u65cf\u3078\u306e\u52a9\u6210\u91d1\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u3010\u533b\u5e2b\u76e3\u4fee\u3011 <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u306f\u3001\u96e3\u75c5\u3084\u6162\u6027\u75be\u60a3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u300c\u533b\u7642\u8cbb\u52a9\u6210\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\u304c\u6539\u6b63\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3054\u5b58\u3058\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u52a9\u6210\u5bfe\u8c61\u5916\u3060\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u304c\u533b\u7642\u8cbb\u52a9\u6210\u3092\u53d7...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_NIPT_and_Intellectual_Disability\"><\/span><strong>6. NIPT and Intellectual Disability<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/\">NIPT<\/a>)<\/strong> analyzes cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood to screen for chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., trisomy conditions) and partial deletions\/duplications. It\u2019s non-invasive, has no miscarriage risk, can be done after around 10 weeks of pregnancy, and usually returns results within a week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary targets include Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome), and Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/\">NIPT<\/a> offers very high sensitivity and specificity (typically \u226599%), but it&#8217;s a screening tool, not diagnostic. Positive results should be followed by confirmatory tests such as amniocentesis. Expanded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/\">NIPT<\/a> options are available, covering sex chromosome anomalies, microdeletions, and even hundreds of autosomal recessive disorders, offering a broader testing scope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n    <a href=\"\/nipt\/nipt-types-comparison-guide\/\" class=\"blog-card\">\n      <div class=\"blog-card-content\">\n          <div class=\"blog-card-title\">NIPT\uff08\u65b0\u578b\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u8a3a\u65ad\uff09\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u3084\u3055\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u306b <\/div>\n          <div class=\"blog-card-excerpt\">NIPT\uff08\u65b0\u578b\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u8a3a\u65ad\uff09\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u304b\u3089\u3001\u691c\u67fb\u6cd5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3001\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u30012025\u5e74\u6642\u70b9\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u3068\u7d71\u8a08\u307e\u3067\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5411\u3051\u3068\u533b\u7642\u8005\u5411\u3051\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3002\uff5c\u30d2\u30ed\u30af...<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Summary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Intellectual disability can arise from genetic, chromosomal, or environmental factors, making individualized support essential.<br>Down syndrome is the most representative chromosomal abnormality and can be accurately detected through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/\">NIPT<\/a>.<br>Prenatal testing requires not only medical judgment but also ethical and social considerations.<br>A society built on accurate knowledge and strong support systems is vital to uphold both new life and the choices of families.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1. What Is Intellect&#8230;\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/intellectual_disability\/?lang=en\">\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a>","protected":false},"author":128,"featured_media":105381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111420"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111444,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111420\/revisions\/111444"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiro-clinic.or.jp\/nipt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}