Posted on 2024年 11月 13日
PET (positron emission tomography) is known as a very effective imaging diagnostic method for early detection of cancer and confirmation of treatment effectiveness, but it is also used to diagnose various diseases other than cancer. PET can detect abnormalities in metabolism and function in the body, so it is useful for understanding and diagnosing the pathology of diseases other than cancer. Here, we will explain the main diseases other than cancer that can be detected by PET and their significance in diagnosis.
1. Major diseases other than cancer that can be detected by PET scans
- Alzheimer’s and Dementia
PET scans are used to diagnose dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage. In particular, by examining the glucose metabolism in the brain, it is possible to identify which parts of the brain are not functioning properly. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by decreased metabolism in certain areas of the brain. In addition, a special PET test called an amyloid PET test can identify the deposition of abnormal proteins (amyloid beta) associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
- Cardiac disease (such as ischemic heart disease)
PET scans may be used to study the blood flow and oxygen consumption of the heart. Cardiac PET is useful for evaluating myocardial blood flow and function and for determining the viability of myocardium after insufficient coronary blood flow (ischemia) or myocardial infarction. This allows for early detection of deterioration of cardiac function and finding appropriate treatment.
- Brain
PET scans of epilepsy may be used to identify the areas of the brain that cause epilepsy seizures. In the brains of epilepsy patients, areas where seizures occur often have metabolic abnormalities, and identifying these areas using PET scans can help determine whether surgery is appropriate or not and how to plan treatment.
- Infectious and inflammatory diseases
PET scans are also used to evaluate inflammatory and certain infectious diseases. Areas of inflammation have increased metabolic activity, making these areas visible with PET scans. For example, this can be useful in diagnosing fever of unknown origin (febrile illnesses), tuberculosis, and chronic inflammatory diseases.
- Sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease
Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation in multiple organs in the body, and PET scans can be used to identify the areas where inflammation has spread.They can also be used to check the activity of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis).
2. Merits and limitations of PET scans
PET scans can evaluate metabolic activity and internal body functions in detail, making them able to detect lesions that are difficult to find with regular CT or MRI. However, PET scans also have some limitations.
- PET scans may not be diagnostic of certain diseases
Although PET scans can show metabolic abnormalities, they do not necessarily indicate a specific disease, so they must be combined with other tests to confirm the diagnosis.
- Risk of radiation exposure due to the use of radioactive drugs:
Because radioactive drugs are used in PET scans, it is necessary to consider the risk of radiation exposure. However, this is rarely a problem within the scope of normal medical practice, and it is a safe test that is performed as needed.
3. Evolution of PET Scans and Future Expectations
In recent years, advances in PET examination technology have made it possible to accurately diagnose and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for a variety of diseases other than cancer. In addition, the arrival of PET/MRI devices that combine PET and MRI is expected to enable even more accurate diagnosis. It is expected that this will enable more patients to receive appropriate treatment.
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